Crash outcomes are significantly influenced by the interplay of speed, mass, and crash angle. The angle of impact between vehicles is particularly important in determining the energy transfer to vehicle occupants.
Also, vehicles are not uniformly engineered for safety. The sides of vehicles often lack the advanced safety features found in the front, such as crumple zones and large airbags. This makes side impacts particularly dangerous, as they rely on minimal protection like smaller airbags, which are far less effective.
Designing intersections and managing speeds to reduce severe crash angles can drastically improve safety outcomes, aligning with Safe System principles.
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